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Cristofori (Cristofori) Bartolomeo (4 V 1655, Padua - 27 I 1731, Florence) - Italian. master of music tools. Until 1690 he worked in Padua, then in Florence at the court of the Duke Ferdinando Medici, from 1716 he became the curator of the collection of muses. instruments of the Duke Cosimo de Medici. Invented in 1709 - 11 fp. with shock (hammer) fp. mechanics, which he called gravicembalo col piano e forte ("harpsichord with a quiet and loud sound"). His invention opened a new stage in the history of muses. toolkit. The description of K.'s innovation was published by S. Maffei in Giornale dei letterati d'Italia (1711). Him. instr. master G. Zilberman improved (1726) fp. K. mechanics, so she got practical. application. Fp K.'s mechanics (except for certain improvements introduced by Zilberman, M. Streicher, and J. Broadwood) correspond to the so-called Englishfp mechanics, the feature of which is to disconnect it from the key (see Piano Mechanics).